Pneumococcal Vaccination Status for Older Adults

Percentage of patients 65 years of age and older who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccine

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Pneumonia is a common cause of illness and death in the elderly and persons with certain underlying conditions such as heart failure, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (NHLBI, 2011). In 1998, an estimated 3,400 adults aged > 65 years died as a result of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (CDC, 2003).

Among the 91.5 million US adults aged > 50 years, 29,500 cases of IPD, 502,600 cases of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and 25,400 pneumococcal-related deaths are estimated to occur yearly; annual direct and indirect costs are estimated to total $3.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively. Pneumococcal disease remains a substantial burden among older US adults, despite increased coverage with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, (PPV23) and indirect benefits afforded by PCV7 vaccination of young children (Weycker, et al., 2011).

Vaccination has been found to be effective against bacteremic cases (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.27-0.66) as well as nonbacteremic cases (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.86). Vaccine effectiveness was highest against bacteremic infections caused by vaccine types (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.66) (Vila-Corcoles, et al., 2009).

In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) began recommending a dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) be followed by a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 6-12 months later in adults aged 65 and older who have not previously received a pneumococcal vaccination, and in persons over the age of two years who are considered to be at higher risk for pneumococcal disease due to an underlying condition. The two vaccines should not be coadministered and intervals for administration of the two vaccines vary slightly depending on the age, risk group, and history of vaccination (Kobayashi, 2015).

In 2015, ACIP updated its recommendation and changed the interval between PCV13 and PPSV23, from 6-12 months to at least one year for immunocompetent adults aged >=65 years who have not previously received pneumococcal vaccine. For immunocompromised vaccine-naïve adults, the minimum acceptable interval between PCV13 and PPSV23 is 8 weeks. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 years who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when over the age of 65 should receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year). Immunocompetent and immunocompromised adults aged >=65 who have previously received a dose of PPSV23 when under the age of 65, should also receive a dose of PCV13 at least one year after PPSV23 (>=1 year) and then another dose of PPSV23 at least one year after PCV13. It is recommended that for those that have this alternative three-dose schedule (2 PPSV23 and 1 PCV13), the three doses should be spread over a time period of five or more years (Kobayashi, 2015).

Higher score indicates better quality

Kobayashi M, Bennett NM, Gierke R, et al. "Intervals between PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)." MMWR. (2015);64(34):944-7. 

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. 2011. "Pneumonia." http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pnu/pnu_whatis.html

Weycker, D., D. Strutton, J. Edelsberg, R. Sato, L.A. Jackson. 2011. "Clinical and Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in Older US Adults." Vaccine 28(31): 4955-60.

Vila-Corcoles, A., E. Salsench, T. Rodriguez-Blanco, O. Ochoa-Gondar, C. de Diego, A. Valdivieso, I. Hospital, F. Gomez-Bertemeu, X. Raga. 2009. "Clinical effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against pneumonia in middle-aged and older adults: A matched case-control study." Vaccine 27(10):1504-10.

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TBD

Patients 65 years of age and older with a visit during the measurement period

Equals Initial Population

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Patients who have ever received a pneumococcal vaccination

Not Applicable

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For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex

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